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Global Advocacy
The global advocacy category covers services that are designed to promote the use of trade as a development tool and to encourage support for developing countries’ efforts to improve their trade capacity building. This includes analysis and dissemination of trade-related information, promoting understanding of the relationship between trade and development, and supporting policies. Some agencies provide information on and support for the interactions between their more specialized interests and trade.
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TRADE POLICY DEVELOPMENT
LEGAL AND REGULATORY FRAMEWORK
TRADE RELATED FINANCIAL SERVICES
Legal and Regulatory Framework
Assistance under this category includes helping countries to bring their own regulations into conformity with international rules, more general help to improve their legal institutions, and training officials to deal with such rules. A number of the agencies specialise in particular areas, rather than trying to provide expertise on the legal rules in all sectors. For several, the aim is to balance trade-related obligations with other national (or international) interests.
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Supply Capacity
In line with the trade focus of this Guide, support activities to develop supply capacity are considered to be those that aim to increase the availability of goods and services for export. There is no easy distinction between this and building more general capacity to produce, and this distinction is becoming less pertinent as borders open and competition in local markets from imports increases. Some agencies do not make this distinction in their projects.
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Bolivian Productivity and Competitiveness Project (BPC Project)
Growth with Equity in Mindanao-3 (GEM-3) Programme
Integrated Initiatives for Economic Growth in Mali (IICEM)
The Competitiveness and Trade Expansion Programme
Trade Accession and Facilitation for Afghanistan
Trade Development for Small and Medium Enterprises (formerly known as Trade and Innovation)
USAID Agribusiness Project
Compliance support infrastructure and services
Assistance in this category is closely related to that under the Legal and Regulatory Framework, but places more emphasis on building the institutions in developing countries to implement such legal frameworks, and less on the details of compliance. It is an area where the specialised agencies again have the main role
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Azerbaijan Competitiveness and Trade (ACT)
AGOA Sanitary and Phytosanitary Capacity Building Program-AGCI
CODEX Outreach Capacity Building Programme
Enforcement Study Tour
Enhance Ability of Exporters to Meet Sanitary and Phytosanitary Requirements (Central America)
9th Interpol Intellectual Property Crime Training Seminar
Maximizing Agricultural Revenue through Knowledge Enterprise Development and Trade
Poverty Reduction by Increasing the Competitiveness of Enterprises (PRICE)
Trade Policy Development
Agencies’ assistance to trade policy development is generally provided in four areas: design and implementation of trade policy; specific developing country issues in trade (such as commodity exports and preferences); support in trade negotiations; and assistance in managing the interactions between trade and other policies.
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Market and Trade Information
Market information and trade information services are different in their focus and methods. Market information is about sub-sectors and products, while trade information focuses on the aggregate level, including data on trade flows, policies affecting trade, and trends in these. Market information is usually targeted at traders. Trade information is, broadly speaking, intended to be used by policy-makers.
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Trade Facilitation
This category covers the development, harmonization, and implementation of the rules and procedures which govern how goods cross borders.
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Regional Trade Liberalization and Customs Project - Central Asian Republics
Worldwide Support for Trade Capacity Building (TCBoost)
USAID Partnership for Trade Facilitation
Authorized Economic Operator Handbook
Post-Clearance Audit Handbook
Border Management ICT Tool
Physical Trade Infrastructure
Like Supply Capacity, this is a category where the boundary between trade support and more general support to production or development is not clearly defined. Some agencies try to allocate spending on individual projects partially to trade and partially to other purposes; others focus on the principal purpose of a project or a type of activity.
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Africa Infrastructure Program (AIP)
Economic Growth Hubs Infrastructure and Competitiveness
Rwanda Rural Feeder Roads Improvement Program (RFRIP)
Trade-Related Financial Services
Trade finance is one of the areas where exporters from developing countries are most disadvantaged compared to those from developed countries because selling at a distance to purchasers who are not directly known within the country requires special skills and risk assessment from banks. Only when exports reach a sufficiently high level is it profitable for banks in a country to acquire these skills, so exporters, particularly SMEs, are hampered by difficulty in accessing export finance. Therefore both the cost and the availability of appropriate finance are problems. Some agencies offer support to build national capacity, while others try to fill the gap until such capacity is available.
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Moldova Business Regulatory and Tax Administration Reform Project (BIZTAR)
Development Credit Authority (DCA)
Technical Assistance: Honduras - Revenue Administration and Policy
South-South and Triangular Cooperation
South-South cooperation is the process whereby two or more developing countries pursue their individual and/or shared national capacity development objectives through exchanges of knowledge, skills, resources and technical know-how, and through regional and interregional collective actions, including partnerships involving Governments, regional organizations, civil society, academia and the private sector, for their individual and/or mutual benefit within and across regions.
Triangular Cooperation is a southern-driven partnership between two or more developing countries, supported by a developed country or multilateral organization(s), to implement development cooperation programmes and projects.
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