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Legal and Regulatory Framework
Assistance under this category includes helping countries to bring their own regulations into conformity with international rules, more general help to improve their legal institutions, and training officials to deal with such rules. A number of the agencies specialise in particular areas, rather than trying to provide expertise on the legal rules in all sectors. For several, the aim is to balance trade-related obligations with other national (or international) interests.
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Supply Capacity
In line with the trade focus of this Guide, support activities to develop supply capacity are considered to be those that aim to increase the availability of goods and services for export. There is no easy distinction between this and building more general capacity to produce, and this distinction is becoming less pertinent as borders open and competition in local markets from imports increases. Some agencies do not make this distinction in their projects.
Trade Policy Development
Agencies’ assistance to trade policy development is generally provided in four areas: design and implementation of trade policy; specific developing country issues in trade (such as commodity exports and preferences); support in trade negotiations; and assistance in managing the interactions between trade and other policies.
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Support for Office of the Chief Trade Advisor (OCTA)
Support for the Pacific Islands Forum Secretariat (PIFS)
Trade promotion capacity building
This category includes both direct support to exporters and the building of institutions in-country which will provide such support. It is different from many of the other categories in its direct relationship to the private sector.
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Improving the sustainability and inclusiveness of the Ethiopian coffee value chain through private and public partnership - Ethiopia
Technical assistance programme for the improvement of leather industry in Ethiopia – second phase - Ethiopia
Improving supply of safe and quality livestock and meat exported from Horn of Africa to the Middle East and Gulf countries- Ethiopia
UNIDO “From cotton seeds to clothing: enhancing the sustainability, inclusiveness and value addition of the cotton value chain in Egypt” (750’000 Euros)
CHIEAM “Master Plan for the Sustainable Development of the Lebanese Coast” (490’531 Euros)
CHIEAM “Strengthening and promotion of the quality olive oil sector in Lebanon - The oil of Lebanon III” (1’000’000 Euros)
UNIDO “Supporting the development of selected agro-food value chains” (500’000 Euros)
ILO “Improved and market-based provision of vocational training for Lebanese and refugees” (500’000 Euros)
Capacity building to the ODS (Office Dévéloppement Sud) for investment promotion, technological upgrading and trade capacity of South Tunisian SMEs – Tunisia
Market and Trade Information
Market information and trade information services are different in their focus and methods. Market information is about sub-sectors and products, while trade information focuses on the aggregate level, including data on trade flows, policies affecting trade, and trends in these. Market information is usually targeted at traders. Trade information is, broadly speaking, intended to be used by policy-makers.
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E-commerce Services & Digital Economy
This category includes capacity building activities directed to development of e-commerce from the perspective of the physical and regulatory factors, for example reducing barriers to trade across distance via electronic marketplaces, development of Information and Communications Technology (ICT) infrastructure, and regulatory frameworks.
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Physical Trade Infrastructure
Like Supply Capacity, this is a category where the boundary between trade support and more general support to production or development is not clearly defined. Some agencies try to allocate spending on individual projects partially to trade and partially to other purposes; others focus on the principal purpose of a project or a type of activity.
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Trade-Related Financial Services
Trade finance is one of the areas where exporters from developing countries are most disadvantaged compared to those from developed countries because selling at a distance to purchasers who are not directly known within the country requires special skills and risk assessment from banks. Only when exports reach a sufficiently high level is it profitable for banks in a country to acquire these skills, so exporters, particularly SMEs, are hampered by difficulty in accessing export finance. Therefore both the cost and the availability of appropriate finance are problems. Some agencies offer support to build national capacity, while others try to fill the gap until such capacity is available.
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South-South and Triangular Cooperation
South-South cooperation is the process whereby two or more developing countries pursue their individual and/or shared national capacity development objectives through exchanges of knowledge, skills, resources and technical know-how, and through regional and interregional collective actions, including partnerships involving Governments, regional organizations, civil society, academia and the private sector, for their individual and/or mutual benefit within and across regions.
Triangular Cooperation is a southern-driven partnership between two or more developing countries, supported by a developed country or multilateral organization(s), to implement development cooperation programmes and projects.
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Gender Mainstreaming, Employment and Youth
The category intends to report on activities to support women's economic empowerment, employment and activities targeted at the youth.
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